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Peripheral artery disease

Do you ever experience leg pain or cramping when walking or exercising that goes away with rest? It might be more than just “getting old.” It could be a sign of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Let’s delve into understanding PAD and why early detection is crucial.

Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs, most often your legs. When you develop PAD, your extremities — usually your legs — don’t receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. This can cause symptoms, most notably leg pain when walking (claudication).

Illustration of arteries affected by Peripheral Artery DiseaseWhile many people with PAD have mild or no symptoms, some experience significant leg pain. This pain, called claudication, typically occurs during exercise, such as walking, and disappears after a few minutes of rest. The location of the pain depends on the location of the narrowed or blocked artery.

Here’s a simplified analogy to help understand PAD. Imagine your arteries are like garden hoses that supply water (blood) to your plants (your legs). If the hose is pinched or clogged (narrowed arteries due to plaque buildup), the plants won’t get enough water, causing them to wilt (leg pain).

So, what causes these “pinches” or blockages in the arteries? PAD is most often caused by atherosclerosis, a process where fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries and reduce blood flow.

While PAD can affect arteries throughout the body, it’s most common in the legs. Here’s a breakdown of potential symptoms:

  • Painful cramping in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after activity, such as walking or climbing stairs
  • Leg numbness or weakness
  • Coldness in your lower leg or foot, compared with your other leg
  • Sores on your toes, feet or legs that won’t heal
  • A change in the color of your legs
  • Hair loss or slower hair growth on your feet and legs
  • Slower growth of your toenails
  • Weak or absent pulse in your feet or legs
  • Erectile dysfunction in men

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. Ignoring PAD can lead to serious complications, including:

  • Critical limb ischemia: This condition begins as open sores that don’t heal, an injury, or an infection of your feet or legs. Critical limb ischemia often includes severe pain, and can necessitate amputation of the affected limb.
  • Stroke and heart attack: The atherosclerosis that causes PAD can also affect arteries in your heart and brain, increasing your risk of these life-threatening conditions.

The good news is that PAD is often treatable. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet, can significantly improve your condition. Medications can also help manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the affected limb.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing PAD and preventing serious complications. Don’t ignore leg pain or other symptoms. Talk to your doctor about your concerns, especially if you have risk factors for PAD, such as smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Proactive management can make a world of difference in maintaining your health and mobility.

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